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61 Jahre alter Computer reaktiviert

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25.11.2012 um 12:53 Uhr

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Schon 1973 stand der "Harwell Dekatron" von 1951 als "langlebigster Computer" im Guinness Buch der Rekorde: Er arbeitete anfangs 80 Stunden in der Woche für das Harwell Atomic Energy Research Establishment, später als Ausbildungs-Rechner am Wolverhampton and Staffordshire Technical College. Dort bekam er auch seinen Spitznamen "WITCH" (Wolverhampton Instrument for Teaching Computation from Harwell) und blieb hier bis 1973 im Einsatz. Danach diente er im Birmingham Museum of Science and Industry als Schaustück und wurde nach der Schließung des Museums 1997 eingemottet.

Eine Projektgruppe am britischen National Museum of Computing (TNMOC) hat ihn in dreijähriger Arbeit nun wieder zum Laufen gebracht. Der Harwell Dekatron arbeitet mit dekadischen Neon-Zählröhren, so genannten Dekatrons: Ein Impuls an einer Hilfselektrode lässt die Glimmentladung an den ringförmig angeordneten Zähl-Elektroden um eine Position weiterspringen, durch eine bestimmte Sequenz lässt sich die Röhre auch in einen definierten Ausgangszustand versetzen. Das Dekatron kann als Zähler mit beliebigen Teilerverhältnissen und als Speicher dienen. Vorteil: durch die sichtbare Leuchterscheinung kann man den Zähler- oder Registerstand direkt ablesen.

Dekatron-Zählröhre, hier eine Valvo ZM1070

Neben 828 Dekatron-Röhren des Typs Ericsson GC10A/B sowie weiteren Thyratrons und Vakuumröhren für den arithmetischen Teil arbeiten im 2,5 Tonnen schweren WITCH auch noch 700 Fernmelde-Relais, die die Aufgabe des Programmsequenzers übernehmen. Die TNMOC-Projektgruppe berichtet, dass lediglich am Netzteil des Rechners größere Arbeiten zu erledigen waren; so wurden die alten Kupferoxidul-Gleichrichter durch moderne Silizium-Dioden ersetzt.

Ein Nadelöhr seien aber die alten Lochstreifenleser, die nur 5 Zeichen pro Sekunde einlesen können – der arithmetische Teil sei sehr viel schneller, so das TNMOC. Einige Kleinigkeiten bleiben noch zu erledigen, aber bereits jetzt rechnet der Veteran wieder zuverlässig und ist damit der älteste noch funktionsfähige Elektronenrechner. Interessenten können sich sogar die Programmieranleitung als PDF herunterladen.

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